Operation Northwoods was a proposed false flag operation that originated within the US Department of Defense of the United States government in 1962. The proposals called for CIA operatives to both stage and commit acts of terrorism against American military and civilian targets, blame them on the Cuban government,
and use them to justify a war against Cuba. The possibilities detailed
in the document included the remote control of civilian aircraft which
would be secretly repainted as US Air Force planes,
a fabricated ‘shoot down’ of a US Air Force fighter aircraft off the
coast of Cuba, the possible assassination of Cuban immigrants, sinking
boats of Cuban refugees on the high seas, blowing up a U.S. ship, and orchestrating terrorism in U.S. cities. The proposals were rejected by President John F. Kennedy.

Fidel Castro
had taken power in Cuba in 1959 and began allowing communists into the
new Cuban government, nationalizing U.S. businesses and improving
relations with the Soviet Union, arousing the concern of the U.S.
military due to the Cold War.
The operation proposed creating public support for a war against Cuba
by blaming the Cuban government for terrorist acts that would be
perpetrated by the U.S. government. To this end, Operation Northwoods proposals recommended hijackings and bombings followed by the introduction of false evidence that would implicate the Cuban government. It stated:

The desired result from the execution of this plan would
be to place the United States in the apparent position of suffering
defensible grievances from a rash and irresponsible government of Cuba
and to develop an international image of a Cuban threat to peace in the
Western Hemisphere.

Several other proposals were included within Operation Northwoods, including real or simulated actions against various U.S. military
and civilian targets. The operation recommended developing a “Communist
Cuban terror campaign in the Miami area, in other Florida cities and
even in Washington”, which involved the bombing of civilian targets,
which was to be blamed on the Cuban government to paint a false image of
Fidel Castro and misinform the American public.

The plan was drafted by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, signed by Chairman Lyman Lemnitzer and sent to the Secretary of Defense. Although part of the US government’s anti-communist Cuban Project, Operation Northwoods was never officially accepted; it was authorized by the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
but then rejected by President Kennedy. None of the false flag
operations became active under the auspices of the Operation Northwoods
proposals.