OSLO â Imprisoned and incommunicado in China, the Chinese writer and dissident Liu Xiaobo was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday, his absence marked at the prize ceremony here by an empty chair.
For the first time since the 1935 prize, when the laureate, Carl von Ossietzky, languished in a concentration camp and Hitler forbade any sympathizers to attend the ceremony, no relative or representative of the winner was present to accept the award or the $1.5 million check it comes with. Nor was Mr. Liu able to provide a speech, even in absentia.
Guests at the ceremony in Osloâs City Hall listened instead to a recitation of his defiant yet gentle statement to a Chinese court before his incarceration last year. âI have no enemies and no hatred,â Mr. Liu said in âI Have No Enemies: My Final Statement to the Court,â read aloud by the Norwegian actress Liv Ullmann. âHatred can rot away at a personâs intelligence and conscience.â
Through his wife, Liu Xia, Mr. Liu sent word that he wanted to dedicate the award to the âlost soulsâ massacred in 1989 in Tiananmen Square.
Mr. Liu, 54, a professor, poet, essayist and campaigner for human rights, has been an irritant to the Chinese authorities since helping resolve confrontations between the police and students in Tiananmen Square. Mr. Liu was detained in December 2008, after co-writing the Charter 08 call for human rights and reform, and is currently serving an 11-year sentence for the crime of âincitement to the overthrow of the state power and socialist system and the peopleâs democratic dictatorship.â
He was named this yearâs laureate because of his heroic and nonviolent struggles on behalf of democracy and human rights, said Thorbjorn Jagland, chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, adding that China needed to learn that with economic power came social and political responsibility.
âWe can to a certain degree say that China with its 1.3 billion people is carrying mankindâs fate on its shoulders,â Mr. Jagland said in a speech at the ceremony. âIf the country proves capable of developing a social market economy with full civil rights, this will have a huge favorable impact on the world.â
He added, âMany will ask whether Chinaâs weakness â for all the strength the country is currently showing â is not manifested in the need to imprison a man for 11 years merely for expressing his opinions on how his country should be governed.â
Mr. Jagland, a former prime minister, became chairman of the Nobel committee last year and seems unafraid to use the position to make strong political statements. Last yearâs selection of President Obama as the peace laureate was interpreted by many as a thinly veiled rebuke to the politics of former President George W. Bush, and this yearâs award has had broad political implications.
In an interview on Friday, Mr. Jagland said that on several occasions this fall, he and the Norwegian foreign minister were specifically warned by top Chinese officials not to give the award to Mr. Liu. But even though the committee disregarded their threats, Mr. Jagland said, its choice should not be interpreted as an insult to China.
Rather, Mr. Jagland said, its reasoning should be seen as similar to that of 1964, when the prize went to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who was defying the authorities to fight for civil rights in America. The prize helped nudge the United States to change, Mr. Jagland said, and he hoped that it would have the same effect on China. (read more)
